Settled by Elizabethans and named for their Virgin Queen, the first of the Southern states still retains a degree of the graceful courtliness that reached its peak just before the Civil War. Evidence of strong ties with the past are apparent in the Old Dominion. More than 1,600 historical markers dot its 55,000 miles of paved roads. More than 100 historic buildings are open all year; hundreds more welcome visitors during the statewide Historic Garden Week (usually the last week in April).
Permanent English settlement of America began in Jamestown in 1607 and started a long line of Virginia firsts: the first legislative assembly in the Western Hemisphere (1619); the first armed rebellion against royal government (Bacon's Rebellion, 1676); the first stirring debates, in Williamsburg and Richmond, which left pre-Revolutionary America echoing Patrick Henry's inflammatory ''Give me liberty, or give me death!'' Records show that America's first Thanksgiving was held December 4, 1619, on the site of what is now Berkeley Plantation.
To Virginia the nation owes its most cherished documents--Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence, George Mason's Bill of Rights, James Madison's Constitution. From here came George Washington to lead the Revolution and to become the first of eight US presidents to hail from Virginia.
Ironically, the state so passionately involved in creating a new nation was very nearly the means of its destruction. Virginia was the spiritual and physical capital of the Confederacy; the Army of Northern Virginia was the Confederacy's most powerful weapon, General Robert E. Lee its greatest commander. More than half the fighting of the Civil War took place in Virginia; and here, in the courthouse of the quaint little village of Appomattox, the war finally came to an end.
When chartered in 1609, the Virginia territory included about one-tenth of what is now the United States; the present state ranks 36th in size, but the remaining area is remarkably diverse. Tidewater Virginia--the coastal plain--is low, almost flat, arable land cut by rivers and bays into a magnificent system of natural harbors. It was vital to commerce and agriculture in the early days. Today it is still important commercially (the Hampton Roads port is one of the world's great naval and shipbuilding bases) and is a perennial lure to vacationers as well.
For the vacationer today, the state offers colonial and Civil War history at every turn, seashore and mountain recreation year-round, such natural oddities as caverns in the west and the Dismal Swamp in the southeast, and the Skyline Drive, one of the loveliest scenic drives in the East.
Water-related activities, hiking, various other sports, picnicking and visitor centers, as well as camping, are available in many state parks. State park facilities and services are operated on a seasonal basis. Swimming, boat rentals, cafes, and concessions, Memorial Day-Labor Day; fees for activities. Pets are allowed in camping and cabins, but must be kept inside at night. At all other times pets must be on a leash not longer than 6 feet. Facilities for the disabled at many parks. Tent and trailer campgrounds are available in 19 state parks generally from March-November; maximum stay is 2 weeks.
Saltwater fishing on ocean, bay, river, or creek is a major sport. Virginia is blessed with many miles of shoreline: 120 miles on the Atlantic Ocean, 300 miles on Chesapeake Bay, and 1,300 miles of tidal shores. There is no closed season for saltwater fishing except for striped bass. There are some species size and bag limits. No license is required to fish in ocean waters or seaside of the eastern shore, but a license is required to fish in the Chesapeake and tidal tributaries. Freshwater fishing is excellent in many of the state's large reservoirs and rivers for such species as largemouth and smallmouth bass, landlocked striped bass, muskie, and a wide variety of panfish. Lake Anna, Smith Mountain Lake, Lake Gaston, James River, Lake Moomaw, and Buggs Island Lake are nationally known for excellent bass and landlocked striped bass fishing.
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